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Table of Contents
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National Underwriting Manual Topics
A
1.00 Absentees, Estates Of
1.00.1 In General
1.00.2 Power of States to Regulate the Estates of Missing Person; Constitutional Guarantee of Due Process
1.00.3 Which Statutes To Select
1.00.4 Administration Of The Estates Of Missing Persons: Refunding Bonds and Trusts
1.00.5 Administration Under Decedent's Statutes
1.00.6 Title Insurance on Estates of Absentees
1.04 Abstracts Of Title
1.04.1 In General
1.04.2 Contents Of Abstract Of Title
1.04.3 Areas Of Special Consideration For The Title Examiner When Examining An Abstract
1.08 Abutting Owners' Rights Of Access
1.08.1 In General
1.08.2 Possibility of Easements or Restrictions In Regard to Abutting Owner's Right of Access
1.08.3 Abutter's Right of Access---Expanding Title Insurance coverage by Endorsement
1.12 Access, Right Of
1.12.1 In General
1.12.2 The Right Of Access In Title Insurance Policies
1.12.3 Access Considerations
1.16 Acknowledgments
1.16.1 Concept And Distinctions Regarding Acknowledgments
1.16.2 General Form Of An Acknowledgment
1.16.3 Jurat
1.16.4 Attestation
1.16.5 Necessity And Purpose Of Acknowledgments
1.16.6 Instruments That May Be Acknowledged
1.16.7 Persons Who May Take Acknowledgments - Disqualifications
1.16.8 Venue Of Acknowledgment
1.16.9 The Declarant In An Acknowledgment
1.16.10 The Certificate Of Acknowledgment
1.16.11 Defective Certificate - Corrections
1.16.12 Foreign Acknowledgment
1.16.15 Electronic Acknowledgment
1.16.16 Consumer Consent
1.16.17 Exclusions from E-Sign
1.16.18 E-Sign, UETA and Pre-Emption of Conflicting State Law
1.16.19 Electronic Standards
1.20 Acreage And Area Content
1.20.1 In General
1.24 Adverse Interests
1.24.1 In General
1.28 Adverse Possession
1.28.1 In General
1.28.2 Tacking Possessions
1.28.3 Adverse User
1.28.4 Easements By Prescription
1.28.5 By Whom Title May Be Acquired By Adverse Possession
1.28.6 Against Whom Title May Be Acquired By Adverse Possession
1.28.7 Title Insurance Policies Based On Adverse Possession
1.32 Affidavits
1.32.1 In General
1.36 Affirmative Insurance
1.36.1 In General
1.36.2 Constraints On Affirmative Insurance
1.36.3 Standard Affirmative Coverages By ALTA 1987, 1990, 1992, and 2006 Title Policies
1.36.5 Endorsement Forms Relative To The Insurance Provisions Of The Policy
1.36.6 The Deletion of an Exclusion or Exception does not provide Affirmative Coverage
1.36.7 Insuring Over
1.36.8 Where To Insure Over
1.36.9 How To Insure Over
1.40 Agreements Not To Transfer Or Encumber
1.40.1 In General
1.44 Agricultural Lands
1.44.1 In General
1.44.2 Agricultural Credit Act of 1987
1.48 Air Space And Air Rights.
1.48.1 In General
1.48.2 Methods Of Conveying, Transferring, Or Severing Air Rights From The Surface Area
1.48.3 Title Held By The Seller Or Transferor Of Air Space Or Air Rights
1.48.4 Special Title Insurance Considerations Regarding Air Space
1.48.5 Title Insurance Of Air Space
1.52 Aliens And Aliens Investments
1.52.1 In General
1.52.2 Title Insurance Considerations Regarding Aliens And Aliens' Investments
1.52.3 Alien Ownership Of Real Property In The United States
1.52.4 Tax On Real Estate Transfers by Nonresident Aliens and Foreign Corporations after January 1, 1985
1.56 Amount Of Policy
1.56.1 Owner's Policy Amount
1.56.2 Loan Policy Amount
1.56.3 Leasehold Policy Amount
1.60 Antecedent Debts (Applicable To All Pre-1990 Policies)
1.60.1 In General
1.64 Antenuptial Agreements
1.64.1 In General
1.68 Appeal Periods and Exceptions to Pending Litigation
1.68.1 In General
1.72 Applications For Title Insurance Policies
1.72.1 In General
1.76 Approved Attorney Opinions
1.76.1 In General
1.78 Artists' Rights
1.78 Artists' Rights
1.80 Assignment Of Owner's Policy
1.80.1 In General
B
2.00 Bail Bonds
2.00.1 In General
2.04 Bankruptcy
2.04.1 The Bankruptcy Code
2.04.2 Who Is In Charge
2.04.3 The Bankruptcy Estate
2.04.4 Injunctions In Bankrupcty Cases
2.04.5 Sale Of Property Out Of A Bankruptcy Case
2.04.6 Contracts And Assignments Of Leases In Bankruptcy
2.04.7 Liens Executed By Bankruptcy Estate
2.04.8 Abandonment In Bankruptcy Case
2.04.9 Exempt Property In Bankruptcy Case
2.04.10 Avoiding Powers In Bankruptcy Cases
2.04.11 Dismissal Of Bankruptcy Case
2.04.12 Discharge Of Debtor In Bankruptcy
2.04.13 Effect Of Confirmation Of A Bankruptcy Case
2.04.14 Post Petition Property And Prefiling Judicial Liens In Bankruptcy Case
2.04.15 Letters Of Credit In Bankruptcy Case
2.04.16 Discrimination
2.08 Bona Fide Purchasers
2.08.1 In General
2.12 Bond Issues, Revenue
2.12.1 In General
2.12.2 Typical Model Of Industrial Revenue Bond Transaction
2.16 Boundaries
2.16.1 In General
2.16.2 Establishment Of Boundaries
2.16.3 Importance Of The Boundaries From The Title Insurance Point Of View
2.20 Boundary Line Disputes
2.20.1 In General
2.20.2 Overlaps
2.20.3 Tax Considerations After Change In Boundary Line Of Property
2.20.4 Water and Watercourses as Boundaries
2.24 Breaks In The Chain Of Title
2.24.1 In General
2.24.2 Apparent Breaks In Chain Of Title
2.24.3 Real Breaks In Chain Of Title
2.28 Business Trusts
2.28.1 In General
2.28.2 Is A Business Trust A Legal Entity Capable Of Holding Title To Real Estate?
2.28.3 Declaration Of Trust
2.28.4 Real Estate Investment Trust (R.E.I.T.)
C
3.00 Cemeteries And Burial Grounds
3.00.1 In General
3.00.2 Insurance Of A Cemetery
3.00.3 Abandonment - Reversion Of Cemeteries
3.00.4 Exceptions of Land Used as a Cemetery or Burial Ground
3.04 Certificates Of Title
3.04.1 In General
3.08 Charitable Trusts
3.08.1 In General
3.08.2 Creation Of Charitable Trust
3.08.3 Capacity To Receive And Hold Trust Property
3.08.4 Capacity To Dispose Of Trust Property
3.08.5 Cy Pres Doctrine
3.12 Child Support Judgments
3.12.1 In General
3.12.2 Child Support Judgments In The Bankruptcy Code
3.16 Churches And Religious Associations
3.16.1 Organization Of Churches And Religious Associations
3.16.2 Incorporation Of Churches And Religious Associations
3.16.3 Power To Acquire And Hold Title As Church Or Religious Association
3.16.4 Power To Encumber and Convey As Church Or Religious Association
3.16.5 Power Determination Of Church Or Religious Association
3.16.6 Unincorporated Religious Associations
3.16.7 Corporation Sole (Church Or Religious Association)
3.16.8 Congregational Problems That May Affect The Power
3.20 Closing Protection Letters
3.20.1 In General
3.20.2 Closing Protection Letters
3.20.3 Closing Protection Letter Benefits
3.24 Coinsurance
3.24.1 Coinsurance With Other Title Insurance Companies
3.24.2 Coinsurance With Insured
3.28 Commitment
3.28.1 In General
3.28.2 Forms To Be Used (Commitment)
3.28.3 Composition Of The Commitment Form
3.28.4 Insuring Provisions Of Commitment
3.28.5 Conditions And Stipulations Of Commitment
3.28.6 Schedule A - Analysis Of Commitment
3.28.7 Schedule B Of Commitment
3.28.8 Commitment Special Exceptions
3.28.9 Commitment For Residential Policy
3.28.10 Additional Page For The Schedule B Of The Residential Policy
3.28.11 Amount of Commitment
3.32 Community Property
3.32.1 In General
3.36 Condemnations
3.36.1 In General
3.36.2 Nature Of The Acquisition By Condemnation
3.36.3 Estates And Interests Which May Be Taken By Condemnation
3.36.4 Examination Of The Condemnation Proceedings
3.36.5 Time of Taking (Condemnation)
3.36.6 Quick-Take Procedure (Condemnation)
3.36.7 Appeal Of Condemnation
3.36.8 Federal Condemnation - Declaration Of Taking
3.36.9 Declaration of Taking (Federal Condemnations)
3.40 Condominiums
3.40.1 In General
3.40.2 Main Characteristics Of Condominium
3.40.3 Terminology (Condominiums)
3.40.4 Creation Of Condominiums
3.40.5 Deeds To Individual Units - Legal Descriptions (Condominiums)
3.40.6 Percentages Of Common Elements Appurtenant To The Units
3.40.7 Common-Law Condominiums
3.40.8 Leasehold Condominiums
3.40.9 Expandable Condominiums
3.40.10 Time-Sharing Condominiums
3.40.11 Condominium Conversions
3.40.12 Parking Easements In Condominiums
3.40.13 Contract Purchases In Condominiums Under Construction
3.40.14 Right Of First Refusal In Condominium Property
3.40.15 Mechanic's Liens Relative To Condominium Property
3.40.16 Assessment Liens
3.40.17 ALTA Endorsement Form 4 - Condominiums
3.40.18 Contractions of Condominium Units or Undeveloped Lands
3.44 Construction Loan Policies
3.44.1 Exclusions From Coverage (Construction Loan Policies)
3.44.2 Mechanic's Lien Exception In Construction Loan Policy
3.44.3 Pending Disbursement Clause In Construction Loan Policy
3.44.4 Mechanic's Liens Coverage When Construction Loan Policy Issued
3.44.5 Endorsement A To Construction Loan Policy
3.44.6 Endorsement B To Construction Loan Policy
3.44.7 Endorsement C To Construction Loan Policy
3.44.8 Endorsement D To Construction Loan Policy
3.48 Contract Purchasers
3.48.1 In General
3.48.2 Examination Of The Title and The Contract For Sale
3.48.3 Indirect Method Of Insuring The Vendee's Interest
3.48.4 Direct Method Of Insuring The Vendee's Interest
3.48.5 Insuring A Lender Under Contract For Sale
3.48.6 Recording A Memorandum Of A Contract For Sale
3.48.7 Commitment Preparation For The Insurance Of Contract Purchaser
3.52 Contracts For Sale
3.52.1 Declaration Of Forfeiture Of Contract For Sale
3.56 Conversion Tables & Measurements
3.56.1 Rods - To - Chains - To - Feet
3.56.2 Links To Feet To Inches
3.56.3 Decimal Equivalent In Chains To Feet
3.56.4 Square Measurements
3.56.5 Linear Measurements
3.56.6 An Acre Is Equivalent To:
3.56.7 The Metric System
3.60 Convicts
3.60.1 In General
3.60.2 Underwriting Considerations
3.64 Cooperative Ownership
3.64.1 In General
3.64.2 Plans For Structuring A Cooperative
3.64.3 The Corporate Form
3.64.4 Main Characteristics Of The Corporate Form Plan
3.64.5 Basic Instruments To Be Examined Relative To A Cooperative Ownership (Corporate Form Plan)
3.64.6 Title Insurance Of Owner's Interest In A Cooperative Apartment
3.64.7 Insuring A Mortgage Of The Lessee's Interest In A Cooperative
3.64.8 Extended Coverage When Insuring A Cooperative
3.64.9 Examination Of Documents Related To Cooperative
3.64.10 U.C.C. Search When Insuring A Cooperative
3.68 Corporations and Company Authority
3.68.1 Concept And Main Characteristics Of Corporations
3.68.2 Classification In General (Corporations)
3.68.3 Classification By The Place Of Incorporation
3.68.4 Formation Or Creation Of Corporation
3.68.5 Good Standing Of Corporation
3.68.6 Powers Of A Corporation - During Its Existence - Ultra Vires Acts
3.68.7 Authority To Execute Instruments
3.68.8 Seal Of A Corporation
3.68.9 Summary Of Items To Consider When Examining A Corporation And Its Transactions From The Title Insurance Point Of View
3.68.10 Consolidations, Mergers, Reorganizations, And Acquisitions Of Corporations
3.68.11 Termination Of Corporate Existence
3.68.12 Reinstatement Or Revival
3.68.13 Powers Of A Corporation After It Ceases To Exist
3.68.14 Corporations Vesting Of Title
3.68.15 Creditors' Rights Against The Corporation
3.68.16 Insuring Purchasers Of Corporate Stock
3.68.17 Conveyances Before Inception Of Corporate Existence
3.68.18 Conveyances After Expiration Of Corporate Existence - Some Statutory Possibilities
3.68.19 Corporation Conveying To An Insider
3.68.20 Transfer Of All Assets Of Corporation By Sale Or Mortgage
3.68.21 Use Of Corporate Assets To Finance The Purchase Of Stock Of The Corporate Mortgagor
3.68.90 Company Authority
3.72 Correction Deeds And Mortgages
3.72.1 In General
3.76 Covenants, Conditions, And Restrictions
3.76.1 In General
3.76.2 Covenants
3.76.3 Conditions Of Restrictions
3.76.4 Creation Of Restrictions
3.76.5 Duration Of A Restriction
3.76.6 Validity Of A Restriction
3.76.7 Racial Restrictions
3.76.8 Termination And Extinguishment Of A Restriction
3.76.9 Release Of Covenants, Conditions, Or Restrictions
3.80 Credit Unions
3.80.1 In General
3.84 Creditors' Rights
3.84.1 In General
3.84.2 Creditors' Rights Exclusion In ALTA Policies
3.88 Crops
3.88.1 In General
3.92 Curative Acts
3.92.1 In General
3.92.2 Distinction Between Curative Acts And Statutes Of Limitation
3.96 Curtesy
3.96.1 In General
D
4.00 Date And Time Of Policy
4.00.1 In General
4.04 Decedent's Estates
4.04.1 Terminology
4.04.2 In General
4.04.3 Death Of A Party In Interest--Possible Probate Situations To Be Encountered When Examining The Title
4.04.4 Special Statutory Proceedings In Regard To The Administration Of Decedent's Estates
4.04.5 Limitations On The Passage Of Title By Devise Or Descent
4.04.6 Summary Of Intestate Procedures
4.04.7 Important Issues In Regard To An Intestacy
4.04.8 Summary Of Testate Procedures
4.04.9 Important Issues In Regard To A Testacy
4.04.10 Using An Affidavit Of Heirship For The Purpose Of Determining Who Are The Heirs Of A Decedent
4.04.11 Pretermitted Child Or Issue Of Child
4.04.12 Probate Sales
4.04.13 Transfer Of Encumbrance Of Decedent's Real Property Upon An Order Of The Court
4.04.14 The Personal Representative
4.04.15 Personal Representatives As Purchasers
4.04.16 The Surviving Spouse
4.04.17 Statutory Allowances To Surviving Spouses Or Unmarried Minor Children
4.04.18 The Spouse's Right Of Election
4.04.19 Claims Of Creditors In An Estate
4.04.20 Taxes In An Estate
4.04.21 Community Property In An Estate Situation
4.04.22 Nonprobate Property Transfers
4.04.23 Joint Tenancies In An Estate Situation
4.04.24 Nonresident Estates
4.08 Dedicated Areas In Plats Of Subdivision
4.08.1 In General
4.08.2 Formal Dedication Of Plats
4.08.3 Area Is Not Dedicated But Is Shown As Reserved Or Merely Marked For A Specific Purpose In The Plat Of The Subdivision
4.12 Deeds In Lieu Of Foreclosure
4.12.1 In General
4.12.2 Deeds In lieu Of Foreclosure Requirements
4.12.3 Owner's Policy To Be Issued In Favor Of A Grantee In A Deed In Lieu Of Foreclosure
4.12.4 Not Releasing The Mortgage In A Deed In Lieu Of Foreclosure
4.12.5 A Deed In Lieu Of Foreclosure in the Recent Chain of Title
4.16 Deeds Of Conveyance
4.16.1 In General
4.16.2 Types Of Deeds
4.16.3 Essential Elements of a Valid Deed
4.16.4 Date Of Deed
4.16.5 Parties To Deeds
4.16.6 Consideration In A Deed
4.16.7 Operative Words Of Conveyance
4.16.8 Description In A Deed
4.16.9 Habendum Clause In A Deed
4.16.10 Recitals In A Deed
4.16.11 Covenants Of Title
4.16.12 Waiver of Dower, Homestead and Curtesy
4.16.13 Execution Of Deeds
4.16.14 Private Seals In A Deed
4.16.15 Witnesses - Attestation In A Deed
4.16.16 Recitals As To The Source Of Title
4.16.17 Delivery Of A Deed
4.16.18 Void And Voidable Deeds
4.16.19 Filling Blanks In A Deed
4.16.20 Construction Or Interpretation Of A Deed
4.16.21 After-Acquired Title
4.16.22 Deed Checklist
4.20 Deeds Of Trust
4.20.1 In General
4.20.2 The Trustee In A Deed Of Trust
4.20.3 Duties Of Trustee In A Deed Of Trust
4.20.4 Satisfaction Of A Deed Of Trust
4.20.5 Security Trusts
4.24 Delivery
4.24.1 In General
4.24.2 Acceptance
4.28 Descriptions
4.28.1 In General
4.28.2 Monuments
4.28.3 Methods For Curing Defective Or Imprecise Legal Descriptions
4.28.4 Items To Be Considered When Insuring A Legal Description
4.28.5 Special Considerations In Regard To Legal Descriptions
4.32 Divorces
4.32.1 In General
4.34 Dockominiums
4.34 Dockominums
4.36 Documentary Transfer Tax
4.36.1 In General
4.40 Doing Business Laws
4.40.1 In General
4.40.2 Doing Business Coverage
4.44 Due-On-Sale Clause
4.44.1 In General
4.44.2 Lack Of Loan Assumption Statement
E
5.00 Easements And Easement Insurance
5.00.1 Easements In General
5.00.2 Classification Of Easements
5.00.3 Easements Appurtenant
5.00.4 Easements In Gross
5.00.5 Easement And License Distinguished
5.00.6 Easement And Profit A Prendre Distinguished
5.00.7 Easements As Exceptions
5.00.8 Waiving An Easement Exception
5.00.9 Insuring An Appurtenant Easement
5.00.10 Exceptions and Issues Of Possible Application When Insuring An Appurtenant Easement
5.04 Endorsements
5.04.1 In General
5.08 Environmental Laws
5.08.1 In General
5.08.2 Federal Statutes Regarding Environmental Laws
5.08.3 The ALTA Environmental Protection Lien Endorsement
5.08.4 Environmental Concerns When Issuing ALTA Policies
5.08.5 Requests For Insurance Regarding Compliance With Environmental Laws And Regulations
5.12 Equity Participation
5.12.1 In General
5.12.2 Title Insurance Considerations Regarding Equity Participation
5.16 Escrow Closings
5.16.1 In General
5.20 Estate Taxes
5.20.1 In General
5.20.2 Steps Involved In The Determination Of The Federal Estate Tax
5.20.3 Computation Of The Federal Estate Tax (Applicable To Estates Of Decedents After 1981)
5.20.4 Includible Items In A Decedent's Gross Estate
5.20.5 Valuation Of The Gross Estate
5.20.6 Credits That May Be Taken Against The Tax
5.20.7 The Unified Credit and Applicable Exclusion
5.20.8 Filing Of A Tax Return And Payment Of The Tax
5.20.9 State Inheritance And Estate Tax Liens
5.20.10 Federal Tax Liens For Estate Taxes
5.20.11 Protection For Certain Interests Of Gross Estate
5.20.12 Extinguishment Of Federal Estate Tax Liens
5.24 Exceptions And Reservations
5.24.1 In General
5.24.2 Exceptions
5.24.3 Reservations
5.24.4 Reservation In Favor Of Stranger Or Spouse Not In The Record Chain Of Title
5.24.5 Exceptions And Reservations As Exceptions
5.24.6 Insurance Of Reservations
5.28 Execution Sales
5.28.1 In General
5.28.2 Insuring Purchasers At Execution Sales
5.32 Extended Coverage
5.32.1 In General
5.32.2 Effect Of The Deletion Of Parties In Possession Exception
5.32.3 Effect Of The Deletion Of The Easement Exception
5.32.4 Effect Of The Deletion Of The Survey Exception
5.32.5 Effect Of The Deletion Of The Mechanic Lien Exception
5.32.6 Important Considerations Relative To Extended Coverage
5.32.7 Phrasing The Commitment Requirements For The Deletion Of The General Exceptions
5.36 Extrahazardous Risks
5.36.1 In General
5.36.2 Risks That May Be Considered As Extrahazardous
F
6.00 Federal Foreclosure Act (Multi-Family)
6.00.1 In General
6.01 Federal Foreclosure Act (Single Family)
6.01.1 In General
6.04 Federal Judgments
6.04.1 In General
6.08 Federal Tax Liens
6.08.1 In General
6.08.2 Period Of Duration Of A Federal Tax Lien
6.08.3 Property Subject To The Lien Of A Federal Tax
6.08.4 Validity And Priority Of A Federal Tax Lien Against Persons Other Than The Taxpayer or Spouse
6.08.5 Filing And Indexing Of Notices Of Federal Tax Liens
6.08.6 Refiling Of Notices Of Federal Tax Liens
6.08.7 Enforcement Of Federal Tax Liens
6.08.8 Certificates Of Release, Discharge, Subordination, Or Nonattachment
6.08.9 Effect Of Foreclosures Of Liens On Federal Tax Liens
6.12 Fictitious Names
6.12.1 In General
6.12.2 Title Insurance Considerations Concerning Fictitious Names
6.16 Fiduciary Deeds
6.16.1 In General
6.16.2 Checklist Of Items To Be Examined In Relation To A Fiduciary Deed
6.20 Fixtures
6.20.1 In General
6.20.2 Title Insurance Considerations Regarding Fixtures
6.24 Flood Insurance
6.24.1 In General
6.24.2 Title Insurance Considerations Regarding Flood Insurance
6.28 Foreign Governments, Acquisition Of Land By
6.28.1 In General
6.32 Foreign Language Documents
6.32.1 In General
6.34 Forfeitures
6.34.1 In General
6.36 Forgeries
6.36.1 In General
6.36.2 Procedure To Be Followed In Connection With The Possibility Of A Forgery
6.38 Fraud
6.38.1 In General
G
7.00 Gap Insurance
7.00.1 In General
7.00.2 Considerations In Regard To Gap Insurance
7.04 Gift Taxes
7.04.1 In General
7.04.2 Liability For The Payment Of Gift Taxes
7.04.3 Federal Tax Liens For Gift Taxes
7.04.4 Protected Persons
7.05 Governmental Bodies Or Quasi-Governmental Bodies Authority To Execute Real Estate Transactions
7.05.1 In General
7.05.2 Title Insurance Considerations Regarding Governmental Authority And Real Estate Transactions
7.12 Guardianship And Conservatorship Procedures
7.12.1 In General
7.12.2 Sale, Mortgage, Or Lease Of The Ward's/Protectee's /Conservatee's Property By The Guardian/Conservator
7.12.3 Purchase Of Real Property By The Guardian/Conservator
7.12.4 Title To Real Property Owned By The Ward/Protectee/ Conservatee
7.12.5 Condition Of The Title By A Purchaser, Mortgagee, Or Lessee From A Guardian/Conservator
7.12.6 Ratification By The Ward/Protectee/Conservatee
7.12.7 Rescission By The Ward/Protectee/Conservatee
7.12.8 Foreign Guardians/Conservators
7.12.9 Guidelines For The Examination Of Guardianship/Conservatorship Proceedings
H
8.00 Heirs Of The Body
8.00.1 In General
8.00.2 Title Insurance Considerations Regarding Heirs Of The Body
8.04 Homeowners' Associations
8.04.1 In General
8.04.2 Title Insurance Considerations Regarding Homeowners' Associations
8.08 Homesteads
8.08.1 In General
8.08.2 Protective Nature Of The Homestead
8.08.3 Extent Of Homestead Rights
8.08.4 Legal Sources Of Homestead Rights
8.08.5 Claims Enforceable Against the Homestead
8.08.6 Claim And Selection Of Homestead
8.08.7 Sales Or Encumbrances Of The Homestead
8.08.8 Federal Tax Liens Of Homestead Rights
8.08.9 May A Single Person Designate A Homestead?
8.08.10 Terminations
8.08.11 Title Insurance Consideration
8.12 Hospitals, Medical And Health Related Research Facilities, Medical And Nursing Schools And Facilities For Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities
8.12.1 In General
8.12.2 The United States Right Of Recovery Does Not Constitute A Lien On Real Property Prior To Judgment
8.16 Husband And Wife
8.16.1 In General
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9.00 Incompetents And Mentally Incapacitated Persons
9.00.1 In General
9.00.2 Instruments Executed By Mentally Incompetent Persons Prior To Adjudication
9.00.3 Instruments Executed By Mentally Incompetent Persons Subsequent To Adjudication
9.00.4 Parties Who Seem To Be Mentally Incapacitated At The Time Of Closing
9.00.5 Vesting Of Title And Incompetency
9.04 Indemnity Agreements
9.04.1 In General
9.04.2 Special Considerations When Accepting An Indemnity
9.04.3 Letters Of Credit
9.08 Indian Titles
9.08.1 In General
9.08.2 Definitions
9.08.3 Allotments And Allottees
9.08.4 The Indian Trade And Nonintercourse Acts
9.08.5 Indian Land Identification
9.08.6 Indian Land Records
9.08.7 Recordation Of Indian Title Documents
9.08.8 Curative Action To Correct Indian Titles Defects
9.08.9 Title Status Reports Of Indian Lands
9.08.10 Indian Lands Status Maps
9.08.11 Certification Of Land Indian Land Records And Title Documents
9.08.12 Title Insurance Considerations And Indian Lands
9.12 Industrial Parks
9.12.1 In General
9.16 Irrigation Districts
9.16.1 In General
19.05 Insuring Tax Assignment Liens
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10.00 Joint Tenancies
10.00.1 In General
10.00.2 Creation Of Joint Tenancies
10.00.3 Survivorship And Joint Tenancies
10.00.4 Defectively Created Joint Tenancies
10.00.5 Property Or Interest Which May Be Held In Joint Tenancy
10.00.6 Marital Rights Of A Joint Tenant's Spouse
10.00.7 Liens Against Joint Tenants
10.00.8 Federal Tax Liens Against Joint Tenants
10.00.9 Termination Of Joint Tenancies
10.04 Joint Ventures
10.04.1 In General
10.04.2 Jurisdictional Considerations (Joint Venture)
10.04.3 Title Insurance Considerations Regarding Joint Venture
10.04.4 Application Of the Uniform Partnership Act When Insuring A Joint Venture
10.04.5 Liens Affecting The Members Of A Joint Venture
10.08 Judgments
10.08.1 Terminology Regarding Judgments
10.08.2 Judgment Liens
10.08.3 Time In Which A Judgment Lien Attaches
10.08.4 Interests In Land Subject To Judgment Liens
10.08.5 Priority Of A Judgment Lien
10.08.6 Duration Of The Lien Period
10.08.7 Enforcement Of A Judgment Lien
10.08.8 Federal Judgments
10.08.9 Homesteads And Judgment Liens
10.08.10 Purchase Money Mortgages And Judgment Liens
10.08.11 Contents Of A Judgment Exception
10.12 Judicial Proceedings
10.12.1 In General
10.12.2 General Guidelines For The Examination Of Judicial Proceedings
10.12.3 Judicial Sales
10.12.4 General Guidelines For The Examination Of Judicial Sales Made Pursuant To Court Decrees
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11.00 Land Trusts
11.00.1 In General
11.04 Leasehold Insurance
11.04.1 In General
11.04.2 Insuring A Leasehold Estate
11.04.3 Insuring A Mortgage On A Leasehold Estate
11.04.4 Insuring A Sublease Estate
11.04.5 Insuring An Assignment Of A Leasehold Estate
11.04.6 Insuring The Fee To One Parcel And A Leasehold To Another Parcel In The Same Policy
11.04.7 Insuring A Mortgage That Has Become A Lien On The Leasehold Estate And A Lien On The Fee In The Same Land
11.04.8 Insuring An Option To Purchase Granted In Favor Of A Lessee
11.04.9 Commitment Forms Pertaining To Leasehold Insurance
11.04.10 Policy Forms Pertaining To Leasehold Insurance
11.08 Leases
11.08.1 In General
11.08.2 Transfer Of Interests In Leases
11.08.3 Option To Purchase Contained In A Lease
11.08.4 Termination Of A Lease
11.08.5 Additional Matters To Consider In Regard To The Possible Termination Of A Lease
11.08.6 Sale And Leaseback Transactions
11.08.7 Lease Provisions Which Require Specific Exceptions
11.10 Legislation
11.12 Letters To Customers
11.12.1 In General
11.16 Leveraged Buyouts
11.16.1 In General
11.16.2 Identifying The Leveraged Transaction Buyout
11.20 Life Estates
11.20.1 In General
11.20.2 Creation Of Conventional Life Estates
11.20.3 Alienation Of Property Subject To A Life Estate
11.20.4 Life Estates Coupled With Power To Sell The Fee Estate
11.20.5 Termination Of Life Estates
11.22 Limited Liability Companies
11.22.1 In General
11.22.2 Series Limited Liability Company
11.24 Lis Pendens
11.24.1 In General
11.28 Loan Policies
11.28.1 In General
11.28.2 Insuring A Mortgage
11.28.3 Describing The Mortgage In The Loan Policy
11.28.4 Insuring An Assignment Of A Mortgage
11.28.5 Amount Of Insurance In A Loan Policy
11.28.6 ALTA Master Residential Loan Policies
11.28.7 Comparison Of The ALTA Loan Policies
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12.00 Marketable Title
12.00.1 In General
12.00.2 Insuring Against Unmarketability Of Title
12.08 Marketable Title Acts
12.08.1 In General
12.12 Mechanic's Liens
12.12.1 In General
12.12.2 Time Of Commencement And Termination Of The Work
12.12.3 General Contractors And Subcontractors
12.12.4 Property Subject To A Mechanic's Lien
12.12.5 Interests In Land That May Be Affected By A Mechanic's Lien and Requirement of Owner Consent
12.12.6 Persons Entitled To Be A Mechanic's Lien Claimant
12.12.7 Time At Which A Mechanic's Lien Attaches - Priorities
12.12.8 Perfecting A Mechanic's Lien Claim
12.12.9 Duration Of A Mechanic's Lien
12.12.10 Enforcing A Mechanic's Lien
12.12.11 Loss Or Extinguishment Of A Mechanic's Lien
12.12.12 Contract Against Mechanic's Lien
12.12.13 Repairs And Improvements To Real Property Under Agreement With A Tenant
12.12.14 Phase Construction
12.12.15 Most Common Types of Notices Found in State Mechanic's Liens Statutes
12.12.16 Title Insurance Considerations In Regard to Mechanic's Liens Coverage
12.16 Mineral Rights
12.16.1 In General
12.16.2 Mineral Grants And Reservations As Title Exceptions
12.16.3 Mineral Leases And Oil And Gas Leases As Title Exceptions
12.16.4 Minerals Reservations In Patents
12.16.5 Mineral Endorsements: Affirmative Insurance
12.16.6 Insuring Against Loss Arising From Mine Subsidence
12.16.7 Insurance Of A Mineral Estate Interest
12.16.8 Form Of Affidavit Of Nondevelopment And Nonpayment Of Rental Executed By Owner
12.20 Minors
12.20.1 In General
12.20.2 Right of Disaffirmance By A Minor
12.24 Mobile And Manufactured Homes
12.24.1 In General
12.24.2 Requirements In Connection With The Insurance Of A Mobile Home Or Any Other Kind Of Manufactured Housing Unit As Part Of The Land
12.24.3 Schedule B Exception When Mobile Home Does Not Qualify As Part Of The Land
12.28 Mortgages
12.28.1 Definition and Nature Of Mortgages
12.28.2 Types Of Mortgages
12.28.3 The Mortgage Debt
12.28.4 Requisites For A Valid Mortgage
12.28.5 Distinction Between Mortgages And Deeds Of Trust
12.28.6 Property That Can Be Mortgaged
12.28.7 Mortgagor's Interest In The Property Covered By The Mortgage
12.28.8 Transfer Of The Mortgaged Property
12.28.9 Transfer Of The Mortgage
12.28.10 Instruments Affecting Mortgages That Are Most Commonly Found Of Record
12.28.11 Future Advances
12.28.12 Revolving Credit Line Mortgages
12.28.13 Priorities (Mortgages)
12.28.14 Termination Or Extinguishment Of A Mortgage
12.28.15 Release Of The Mortgage
12.28.16 Title Insurance Considerations Regarding Mortgages
12.28.17 Integrated Mortgage Disclosures under the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (Regulation X) and the Truth In Lending Act (Regulation Z)
12.31 Marital Status Of The Insureds
12.31.1 In General
12.32 Mortgage Foreclosures
12.32.1 In General
12.32.2 Obstacles To Mortgage Foreclosure
12.32.3 Types of Mortgage Foreclosure
12.32.4 Title Acquired By The Purchaser At A Mortgage Foreclosure Sale
12.32.5 Reacquisition Of Title By Mortgagor
12.32.6 Deficiency Judgment
12.32.7 Redemption Rights Of Borrowers
12.32.8 Mechanics' Liens Affected By A Mortgage Foreclosure
12.36 Mortgages Executed By Parties Not Receiving The Loan Proceeds
12.36.1 In General
12.40 Murder As A Source Of Property Rights
12.40.1 In General
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13.00 Names
13.00.1 In General
13.00.2 Presumption Of Identity
13.04 Nominal Amounts, Commitments For
13.04.1 In General
13.08 Notaries Public
13.08.1 In General
13.12 Notice
13.12.1 In General
13.12.2 Actual And Constructive Notice--Actual And Constructive Knowledge Actual Notice
13.12.3 Doctrine Of Constructive Notice
13.12.4 Imparting Constructive Notice
13.12.5 Forms Of Constructive Notice
13.12.6 Specific Jurisdictional Forms Of Notice
13.16 Notice Of Availability Of Owner's Title Insurance
13.16.1 In General
13.16.2 Notice Of Availability Of Owner's Title Insurance
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14.00 Options To Purchase
14.00.1 In General
14.00.2 Rule Against Perpetuities
14.00.3 Bankruptcy Impact On An Option To Purchase
14.00.4 Options To Purchase As Exceptions
14.00.5 Insuring An Option
14.00.6 Option To Purchase Contained In A Mortgage
14.04 Overlaps
14.04.1 In General
14.04.2 Subject Property Overlaps An Adjoining Property
14.04.3 Adjoining Property Overlaps On The Property To Be Insured
14.08 Owners In Possession
14.08.1 In General
14.08.2 Insuring An Owner In Possession
14.12 Owner's Policy
14.12.1 In General
14.12.2 Coverage Afforded Through the Insurance Provisions Of An Owner's Policy
14.12.3 Conditions And Stipulations Of The Owner's Policy
14.12.4 Schedule A Of The Owner's Policy
14.12.5 Schedule B Of The Owner's Policy
14.12.6 Countersignature On A Owner's Policy
14.12.7 Increasing The Amount Of Insurance Of An Existing Owner's Policy
14.12.8 Agreeing To A Future Increase In The Amount Of Insurance On An Owner's Policy
14.12.9 Amount Of Insurance Being Requested Is Substantially Less Than The Market Value Of The Land
14.12.10 Insuring Other Than The Record Owner
14.12.11 Duplicate Of An Original Owner's Policy
14.12.12 Duplicate Of A Lost Owner's Policy
14.12.13 Apportionment Of Amount Of Insurance When Two Or More Parcels Are Insured By The Same Policy
14.12.14 Insuring Other Than The Record Owner
14.12.15 Duplicate Of An Original Owner's Policy
14.12.16 Duplicate Of A Lost Owner's Policy
14.12.17 Assignment Of Owner's Policy
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15.00 Parks
15.00.1 Public Parks
15.00.2 Area Dedicated Or Marked As A Park By The Recorded Map Or Plat Of A Subdivision
15.04 Parties In Possession
15.04.1 In General
15.04.2 Judicial Construction Of The "Rights Of Parties In Possession" Exception
15.08 Partition Suits
15.08.1 In General
15.08.2 Property Subject To Partition
15.08.3 Necessary Parties--Defendants In A Partition Suit
15.08.4 Sales In Partition Suits
15.08.5 Effect Of Partition
15.12 Partners As Lenders
15.12.1 In General
15.16 Partnerships
15.16.1 Definitions
15.16.2 Partnerships Prior To The Uniform Partnership Act
15.16.3 Applicable Laws On Partnerships
15.16.4 Types Of Partnerships
15.16.5 Partnership Associations And Limited Partnership Associations
15.16.6 Types Of Partners
15.16.7 Formation Of Partnerships
15.16.8 Acquisition Of Real Property By A Partnership
15.16.9 Conveyance And Mortgage Of Real Property By A Partnership
15.16.10 Mortgage To A Partner
15.16.11 Changes In Membership Of A Partnership
15.16.12 Judgment Liens And State Tax Liens Pertaining To Partnerships
15.16.13 Federal Tax Liens Against A Partnership
15.16.14 Bankruptcy Of A Partnership
15.16.15 Dissolution And Winding Up Of A Partnership
15.16.16 Examining Partnership Property
15.20 Partnerships, Limited
15.20.1 In General
15.20.2 Formation And Amendment Of A Limited Partnership
15.20.3 Certificate Requirements Of A Limited Partnership
15.20.4 Effect Of Failure To File The Certificate Of A Limited Partnership--Defective Formation
15.20.5 General Partners Of A Limited Partnership
15.20.6 Real Property Transactions Involving A Limited Partnership
15.20.7 Qualifications Of A Foreign Limited Partnership
15.24 Party Walls
15.24.1 In General
15.24.2 Creation Of Party Walls
15.24.3 Forms Pertaining To Party Walls
15.24.4 Termination Of A Party Wall
15.28 Patents
15.28.1 U.S. Patents
15.28.2 State And Territories Patents
15.28.3 Recording The Patents
15.28.4 Patent Reservation
15.32 Pending Disbursement Clause
15.32.1 In General
15.34 PACA/PSA
15.34.1 In General
15.34.2 Application of PACA-PSA Trust
15.34.3 Guidelines for Insuring PACA-PSA Transactions
15.36 Planned Unit Developments
15.36.1 In General
15.36.2 Creation Of Planned Unit Developments
15.36.3 Insuring A Lot Or Unit In A PUD
15.36.4 Guidelines For The Issuance Of A PUD Endorsement
15.40 Plats Of Subdivisions
15.40.1 In General
15.40.2 Dedicated Areas
15.40.3 Streets As Shown On The Recorded Plat Of The Subdivision Are Not Dedicated For Public Use
15.40.4 Insuring The Whole Plat Of A Subdivision
15.40.5 Title Insurance Guidelines Relative To The Examination Of Platted Lands
15.44 Policy Approval
15.44.1 In General
15.48 Postal Service Endorsement
15.48.1 In General
15.52 Powers Of Attorney
15.52.1 In General
15.52.2 Types Of Power Of Attorney
15.52.3 Construing The Language Of A Power Of Attorney
15.52.4 Recordation Of A Power Of Attorney
15.52.5 Who May Execute Or Act Under A Power Of Attorney
15.52.6 Limitations On The Exercise Of A Power Of Attorney
15.52.7 Termination Of A Power Of Attorney
15.52.8 Insuring Transactions Through The Use Of A Power Of Attorney
15.52.9 Durable Power of Attorney Act
15.56 Pro-Forma Policies
15.56.1 In General
15.60 Public Improvement Districts
15.60.1 In General
15.60.2 Title Insurance Considerations Pertaining To Public Improvement Districts
15.64 Public Utility Corporations
15.64.1 In General
15.68 Publication, Service By
15.68.1 In General
15.72 Purchase Money Mortgages
15.72.1 In General
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16.00 Quiet Title Suits
16.00.1 In General
16.00.2 Common Purposes Of A Quiet Title Action
16.00.3 Validity And Sufficiency Of The Decree In A Quiet Title Action
16.00.4 Insuring Title Coming Through A Suit To Quiet Title
16.04 Quitclaim Deeds
16.04.1 In General
16.04.2 Insuring A Grantee In A Quitclaim Deed
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17.00 Railroad Right Of Way
17.00.1 In General
17.00.2 Fee Simple Or Easement (Railroad Right of Way)
17.00.3 Some Situations Or Elements Which May Confirm The Existence Of An Easement Acquisition
17.00.4 Examining Railroad Grants
17.00.5 Fee Possibility (Railroads)
17.00.6 Easement Situation (Railroads)
17.00.7 Conveyance Of Railroad Property To Another Railroad Entity For Continued Rail Operation
17.00.8 Abandonment of Easement Rights (Railroads)
17.00.9 Insuring Abandoned Railroad Property
17.00.10 Ownership Of The Reversion After Abandonment Of An Easement By The Railroad
17.04 Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA)
17.04.1 In General
17.08 Recitals
17.08.1 In General
17.12 Recording Acts
17.12.1 In General
17.16 Redemptions From Mortgage Foreclosures
17.16.1 In General
17.16.2 Redemption Rights Of The United States
17.16.3 Federal Preemption Of State Mortgage Law
17.20 Reinsurance
17.20.1 In General
17.24 Releases
17.24.1 In General
17.24.2 Points To Consider When Reviewing Releases
17.28 Remainders
17.28.1 In General
17.28.2 Transfer Of Remainders
17.32 Repurchase, Right To
17.32.1 In General
17.36 Residential Title Policies
17.36.1 In General
17.40 Restraints On Alienation And Use (Illegal Or Unreasonable)
17.40.1 In General
17.44 Reversions
17.44.1 In General
17.44.2 Possibility Of Reverter
17.44.3 Right Of Re-Entry For Condition Broken
17.46 Revolving Credit (Future Advance) Endorsements
17.46.1 Revolving Credit Mortgages
17.46.2 Open End Mortgages
17.46.3 Construction Loan Mortgages And Other Specific Increment Advances
17.46.4 Dragnet Clauses
17.46.5 A Zero Balance
17.46.6 Advances After Conveyance By Mortgagor
17.46.7 Mechanic's And Materialmen's Liens: Future Advance Endorsements With Mechanic's Lien Exception
17.46.8 Explanation Of The Contents Of The Forms (Future Advance Endorsements)
17.46.9 Underwriting Guidelines For Issuance Of The Future Advance Endorsements
17.46.10 Priority Of Future Advances
17.46.11 Loan Policy Provisions
17.46.12 Future Advance Endorsements To Use For Each State
17.48 Right Of First Refusal
17.48.1 In General
17.48.2 Service Station Right of First Refusal
17.52 Rule Against Perpetuities
17.52.1 In General
17.52.2 Interest And Property Subject To The Rule Of Perpetuities
17.56 Rules Of Descent And Distribution
17.56.1 In General
17.60 Rural Electrification Administration
17.60.1 In General
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18.00 Sale-Leaseback Transactions
18.00.1 In General
18.00.2 Determination That The Transaction Is Not A Mortgage
18.00.3 Structuring And Insuring The Sale And Leaseback Transactions
18.04 Schools--Higher Education Facilities Act
18.04.1 In General
18.04.2 Right of Recovery
18.04.3 Definition of "Academic Facility"
18.04.4 Exception to Commitment and Policy
18.04.5 Appropriations and potential "sunset" of the Act
18.04.6 Statutory References and History
18.08 School Property, Acquisition And Disposition Of
18.08.1 Private Schools
18.08.2 Public Schools
18.08.3 School Lands
18.12 Severance Of The Ownership Of The Land From The Ownership Of The Improvements
18.12.1 In General
18.12.2 Legal Descriptions Pertaining To Severed Improvements
18.16 Shopping Center Agreements
18.16.1 In General
18.16.2 Insurance Of The Shopping Center Operation Agreement
18.20 Simultaneous Death Act
18.20.1 In General
18.20.2 1940 Version of the USDA
18.20.3 1993 Version of the USDA
18.20.4 Underwriting
18.24 Solar Access Easements
18.24.1 In General
18.24.2 Methods For Assuring Solar Access
18.24.3 Solar Access Easements
18.28 Servicemembers Civil Relief Act
18.28.1 In General
18.32 State Non-Property Tax Liens
18.32.1 In General
18.36 Streets, Alleys And Roadways
18.36.1 Streets, Alleys And Roadways As Boundaries
18.36.2 Streets, Alleys And Roadways Bisecting Or Crossing The Property
18.36.3 Ownership Of The Underlying Fee Of The Street, Alley Or Roadway
18.36.4 Streets, Alleys And Roadways Width Changes
18.40 Surveys
18.40.1 Necessity And Purposes Of Surveys
18.40.2 Minimum Requirements
18.40.3 ALTA Minimum Standard Detail Requirements for ALTA/NSPS Land Title Surveys
18.40.4 The Spot Survey Or The Mortgage Inspection Report
18.40.5 Who Can Make A Land Title Survey
18.40.6 Check-List For The Examination Of A Survey (not for condominium or air right purposes)
18.40.7 Survey Coverage Without Review of a Survey
18.44 Swamp Land And Overflowed Lands
18.44.1 In General
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19.00 Tax Titles
19.00.1 In General
19.00.2 Terminology
19.00.3 Purchaser's Title Or Interest
19.00.4 Rights Of Redemption Of Former Owner After Tax Sale
19.00.5 Clearing The Title From The Effect Of A Tax Deed
19.00.6 Insurance Of Tax Titles
19.04 Taxes And Assessments
19.04.1 In General
19.04.2 Special Assessments
19.04.3 Tax Rolls Description
19.04.4 Tax Rolls Examination
19.04.5 Tax Exempt Status
19.04.6 ALTA Endorsement--Form 1 (Street Assessments)
19.08 Tenancies By The Entireties
19.08.1 In General
19.08.2 Creation Of Tenancy By The Entireties
19.08.3 Main Characteristics Of A Tenancy By The Entirety
19.08.4 Termination Of A Tenancy By The Entirety
19.08.5 Distinctions Between A Tenancy By The Entirety And A Joint Tenancy
19.08.6 Vesting of Title Held As A Tenancy By The Entirety
19.08.7 Federal Tax Liens And Tenancies By The Entireties
19.12 Tenancy In Common
19.12.1 In General
19.12.2 Title Considerations Relative To A Tenancy In Common
19.12.3 Title Insurance Considerations Pertaining To Tenancies In Common
19.16 Tenancy Rights Of Parties In Possession
19.16.1 In General
19.16.2 Effects Of The "Parties In Possession" General Exception
19.20 Timber Lands
19.20.1 In General
19.20.2 Transfer Of Private Timber Lands
19.20.3 Reservation And Exception Of Timber
19.20.4 Power To Sell Timber Separately From The Land
19.20.5 Insurance Of Timber Lands
19.24 Timesharing Ownership
19.24.1 In General
19.24.2 Time-Share Structures
19.24.3 Legal Descriptions Of Timesharing Interests
19.24.4 Federal And State Legislations Applicable To Timesharing Ownership
19.28 Title Examination Standards
19.28.1 In General
19.32 Torrens Registration System
19.32.1 In General
19.32.2 Initial Registration Into Torrens System
19.32.3 Effect Of Registration Into Torrens System
19.32.4 Recitals And Memorials On Certificate Of Title (Torrens System)
19.32.5 Conclusiveness Of The Certificate Of Title (Torrens System)
19.32.6 Exceptions To The Conclusiveness Of The Torrens Certificate Of Title
19.32.7 Assurance Fund (Torrens System)
19.32.8 Main Advantages Of The Torrens System
19.32.9 Main Disadvantages Of The Torrens Systems
19.34 Transfer on Death Deeds
19.34.1 In General
19.36 Transferors' Certificates
19.36.1 Certification--Individual Transferor
19.36.2 Certification--Entity Transferor
19.36.3 Notice To Purchaser
19.40 Trustees Powers Act
19.40.1 In General
19.44 Trust And Trustees
19.44.1 In General
19.44.2 Parties To A Trust
19.44.3 Capacity Of The Trustor
19.44.4 Intention To Create A Trust
19.44.5 Classification Of Trusts
19.44.6 Express Trusts
19.44.7 Separation Of Legal Title And Equitable Ownership In An Express Trust
19.44.8 Testamentary Trusts
19.44.9 Statute Of Frauds In Relation To Trusts
19.44.10 Powers Of The Trustee
19.44.11 The Trustee Dealing With Itself
19.44.12 Termination Of A Trust
19.44.13 Effect Of Termination Of A Trust
19.44.14 Effect Of Voidance Of A Trust
19.44.15 Recommended Forms Of Vesting Of Title In A Trust
19.44.16 Examination Of An Intervivos Or Living Trust
19.44.17 Examination Of A Testamentary Trust
19.48 Truth-In-Lending
19.48.1 In General
19.48.2 Exempt Transactions (Truth-In-Lending)
19.48.3 Disclosure Requirement Of The Truth-In-Lending Statutes
19.48.4 Right To Rescind Certain Real Estate Transactions
19.48.5 Exceptions To The Right Of Rescission
19.48.6 Lack Of Compliance With The Truth-in-Lending Act or Regulation Z
19.48.7 Escrow Consequences Of The Truth-In-Lending Act
19.48.8 ALTA Truth-in-Lending Endorsement
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20.00 Undivided Interests, Insurance Of
20.00.1 In General
20.04 Uniform Commercial Code
20.04.1 In General
20.04.2 Fixtures
20.04.3 Security Agreement
20.04.4 Financing Statement
20.04.5 Place Of Filing Of Financing Statement
20.04.6 Duration Of The Filing Of The Financing Statement
20.04.7 Priority Of U.C.C.
20.08 Unincorporated Associations
20.08.1 In General
20.08.2 Legal Status Of Unincorporated Associations
20.08.3 Statutory Approaches To Unincorporated Associations
20.08.4 Title Considerations Pertaining To Transfers By Unincorporated Associations
20.12 United States Of America Policy Forms
20.12.1 Title Standards Prepared By The Department Of Justice
20.12.2 Declaration Of Taking By United States Of America
20.16 United States Postal Service
20.16.1 In General
20.20 Urban Renewal Areas
20.20.1 In General
20.24 Usury Coverage
20.24.1 In General
20.24.2 Effect Of Usury
20.24.3 Exemption From The Usury Laws
20.24.4 Determination That The Transaction Is Usurious
20.24.5 Usury As An Exception From Title Coverage
20.24.6 Usury Coverage
20.24.7 Forms Of Usury Coverage
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21.00 Vacation Of Streets, Alleys And Highways
21.00.1 In General
21.00.2 Examination Of Titles To Vacated Streets, Alleys And Highways
21.00.3 Rights That Might Not Have Been Terminated By The Vacation Order
21.00.4 Possible Unrecorded Rights Or Easements
21.00.5 Description Of Vacated Property Adjoining Non-Rectangular Lots
21.04 Vendor's Liens
21.04.1 In General
21.04.2 Procedure For The Handling Of Vendor's Lien
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22.00 Waters
22.00.1 In General
22.00.2 Terminology Pertaining To Water
22.00.3 Some Important General Legal Principles Relative To Flowing Waters
22.00.4 Main Water Problems
22.00.5 Title To The Bed Of A Body Of Water
22.00.6 Riparian Rights
22.00.7 Water Rights
22.00.8 Water Boundary On A Navigable Body Of Water
22.00.9 Water Boundary On A Non-Navigable And Non-Tidal Body Of Water
22.00.10 Changes In Water Boundaries
22.00.11 Distinction Between Accretion And Avulsion
22.00.12 Accretion And Reliction--Title Consequences
22.00.13 Avulsion--Title Consequences
22.00.14 Artificial Accretions
22.00.15 Lakes
22.00.16 State Ownership Of Fee Under The Great Lakes
22.00.17 Islands In Rivers
22.00.18 Beaches
22.00.19 Tidelands Under Non-Navigable Waters
22.00.20 Submerged Lands Act
22.04 Wild Instruments
22.04.1 In General
22.04.2 Necessity To Investigate Wild Instruments
22.08 Wills
22.08.1 In General
22.08.2 Concepts Pertaining To Wills
22.08.3 What Law Governs Wills
22.08.4 Statutory Regulations Pertaining To Wills
22.08.5 Property Which May Be Bequeathed Or Devised
22.08.6 Surviving Spouse
22.08.7 Pretermitted Children
22.08.8 Admission Of The Will To Probate
Z
23.00 Zero Lot Line
23.00.1 In General
23.04 Zoning Coverage
23.04.1 In General
23.04.2 Forms For Zoning Coverage
23.04.3 ALTA Endorsement Form 3
23.04.4 ALTA Endorsement Form 3.1
23.04.5 Procedure For Extending Zoning Coverage
23.04.6 Change Of Zoning Classifications Does Not Change The Nature Of Restriction